Roofing Components and Structure 

The foundation of any roofing system begins with the decking, also known as sheathing, which provides a solid base for the entire structure1. First is the underlayment, a crucial waterproofing layer offering additional protection against the elements2. Shingles, the most visible component, form the outermost layer and come in various materials, with asphalt being the most common for residential roofs 34.

Key structural elements include rafters and trusses, which support the roof’s weight and shape. Typically made of thin metal strips, flashing is strategically installed around roof features like chimneys and vents to prevent water infiltration.5   The roof’s edges are protected by drip edges, which guide water away from the fascia and into the gutters.2 Understanding these components helps homeowners communicate better with contractors and make informed decisions about roofing projects.

Measurements and Types of Roofs 

Roofing is determined by the materials used. Each has differing characteristics and applications. Metal roofing offers an excellent alternative for those seeking longevity and energy efficiency. Due to their durability, asphalt shingles are a more affordable choice for homeowners.1   Commercial buildings often utilize built-up roofs or single-ply roofing systems designed for flat or low-slope applications3.

When discussing roof measurements, contractors often use the term “square,” which equals 100 square feet of roof area. 4  A roof’s pitch, or slope, is typically expressed as a ratio of rise to run (e.g., 4:12), indicating how steep the roof is.2   Understanding these measurements and roof types helps homeowners make informed decisions when planning repairs or replacements.

Roofing Processes Explained 

Roofing involves several key procedures contractors use to install, repair, or replace roofs. A “tear-off” is the complete removal of existing roofing materials down to the deck, often necessary before installing a new roof.1  Reroofing demands a complete tear-off or an overlay, where new roofing material goes over the existing roof without removing the old one.

When planning a roofing project, it’s essential to understand these terms:

• Reroofing: The process of replacing an old roof with a new one
• Overlay: Installing a new layer of roofing material over the existing roof without removal2
• Flashing cement: A sealant used for repairing or installing flashing and patching small leaks4
• Fire rating: A classification system that indicates a roof’s resistance to fire4

Familiarity with these terms can help homeowners communicate more effectively with their roofing contractors and make informed decisions about their roofing projects.

Ventilation and Maintenance Essentials 

Good ventilation is critical for maintaining a healthy and efficient roofing system. The roof’s ridge vents, installed along the peak, create a passive escape from the attic of warm air, improving overall ventilation1. Soffits, the underside of roof overhangs, often contain vents that work with ridge vents to create a balanced airflow. Routine maintenance is critical for prolonging roof life. Addressing minor repairs and leaks as early as possible is the best policy. Understanding these ventilation and maintenance concepts helps homeowners better care for their roofs and communicate effectively with roofing professionals.